Ernest Hemingway
![Hemingway working on ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' at the Sun Valley Lodge, 1939](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg)
Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he spent six months as a cub reporter for ''The Kansas City Star'' before enlisting in the Red Cross. He served as an ambulance driver on the Italian Front in World War I and was seriously wounded in 1918. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his 1929 novel ''A Farewell to Arms''. He married Hadley Richardson in 1921, the first of four wives. They moved to Paris where he worked as a foreign correspondent for the ''Toronto Star'' and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s' "Lost Generation" expatriate community. His debut novel ''The Sun Also Rises'' was published in 1926.
He divorced Richardson in 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer. They divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War, where he had worked as a journalist and which formed the basis for his 1940 novel ''For Whom the Bell Tolls''. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940. He and Gellhorn separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. Hemingway was present with Allied troops as a journalist at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris. He maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida, in the 1930s and in Cuba in the 1940s and 1950s. On a 1954 trip to Africa, he was seriously injured in two plane accidents on successive days, leaving him in pain and ill health for much of the rest of his life. In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where, in mid-1961, he died of suicide. Provided by Wikipedia
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